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Linear Accelerator Mechanical Installation

HHC MEDİKAL MÜHENDİSLİK, WITH OUR EXPERTISE FIELD OF YEARS OF EXPERTISE, PROVIDES ITS PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE AND EXPERIENCE, HHC MEDICAL ENGINEERING PROVIDES ITS PERFECT SERVICE.

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AS HHC MEDICAL ENGINEERING, WE PROVIDE PROFESSIONALLY LINEAR ACCELERATOR MECHANICAL ASSEMBLY SERVICE

  • WE EXPLORE FIELD STUDY

  • WE ARE PLANNING AFTER DISCOVERY

  • WE DETERMINE THE SUITABLE TIME AND DISCHARGE AREA

  • WE ARE ESTABLISHING A FIELD ASSISTANT TEAM WHICH IS REQUIRED

  • WE DO DEVICE CONTROLS

  • WE DISCOVER THE PLACE TO MOVE

  • WE DISASSEMBLE YOUR LINAC DEVICE WITH SPECIAL EQUIPMENT

  • WE INSTALL SPECIAL TRANSPORT TOOLS

  • WE MAKE IT SUITABLE FOR CARRYING

  • WE PACK SUITABLE FOR INSTALLATION DURING DISASSEMBLY

  • WE DO THE DEVICE-SPECIAL CASE PROCESS

  • WE USE THE MOST ACCURATE HANDLING EQUIPMENT

  • WE DISCHARGE THE DEVICE WITH THE MOST CORRECT EVOLUTION ROUTE

  • WE CARRY OUT THE DISCHARGE PROCESS WITHOUT DAMAGE TO THE DEVICE AND ANY OF ITS PARTS AND WITHOUT DAMAGE TO THE EXISTING AREA TO BE INSTALLED OR REMOVED.

Linear Accelerator MECHANICAL ASSEMBLY

It works by obtaining the x-rays of linear accelerator machines, which is one of the devices used in radiotherapy. It serves as a preferred device for sending X-rays to the sick person, which is used in cancer treatments in hospitals. MR, CT, etc., which are among the medical imaging devices. It provides service as a treatment device that uses high-level radioactive rays by directly targeting cancerous cells, by making use of the images taken by means of a medical device, preventing damage to the surrounding healthy tissues. It has been developed to irradiate the tumor with a high-level point target and extreme sensitivity. It is used with peace of mind in many cancer treatments. Linear accelerator is an effective method that treats with x-rays. In most hospitals, cancer treatments of patients are carried out with these devices. The invention of the linear accelerator device was propounded by the Swedish physicist Wideröe in 1928. In the late 1930s, very short wavelength, high-frequency oscillators were developed and used in linear accelerators to accelerate electrons. Thus, devices that emit both X-rays and electron beams at different energies were produced. These devices work with fixed or moving electromagnetic waves at microwave frequencies. In devices working with traveling waves, there is an absorber system at the end of the accelerator tube that prevents the reflection of the incoming wave. In standing wave devices, however, some systems provide maximum reflection at both ends of the accelerator tube, so standing waves are formed by the interference of reflected and incident waves. The first microwave accelerator is the basis for today's medical linear accelerator, established in the UK in 1948 and the United States in 1955.

Effect of Linear Accelerator Device on Patients

Due to its linear accelerator structure, it is a device in which X-rays and high-energy electrons are gained by accelerating charge carriers such as electrons by using electromagnetic waves containing high frequency along a tube. Linear accelerators come in two different designs: traveling wave accelerators and standing wave accelerators. The traveling wave accelerator has the property of absorbing the remaining microwave energy at the end of the structure. Therefore, the back reflection of the wave is prevented. A high return wave is guaranteed in the standing wave accelerator. Standing waves are created by the interference of transmitted and reflected waves. Standing wave is more efficient than traveling wave designs. In the design of the linear accelerator device, a circulator (or insulator) is used, which absorbs the remaining microwave energy at the point where the accelerator tube is connected to its source and prevents the reflection of the waves. Linear accelerators work on the principle of x-ray tubes, but in ordinary x-ray tubes electrons cannot be accelerated more than 400 kV. The distance between anode and cathode is longer than in linear accelerator. Megavoltage x-rays are obtained when the electrons coming out of the cathode collide with the anode by bringing their velocity close to the speed of light, thanks to the potential difference between the megavoltage and the microwave. Linac accelerates the electrons in the accelerator tube under high voltage to separate them from the metal targets and focuses the x-rays, as a result of the target "Gantry" (the area of the instrument head) hitting the target, x-rays are formed and directed to the patient through certain collimators, triggering the reactions in the body within seconds. The molecules formed as a result of these reactions cause the DNA, which is the genetic code of cancer cells, to be broken. As a result, tumor cells with damaged genetic code cannot divide and begin to die, thanks to their linear accelerator components. In this way, an operation that does not require a scalpel takes place. Bleeding, trauma, pain, etc. not expected in patients.

Working Principle of Linear Accelerator Device

If the working principle of the linear accelerator device is taken as a basis; The power supply supplies direct current to a modulator with a cylindrical structure with a cathode in the center and an anode around it, a network of impulses and a hydrogen thyratron lamp. Current accumulates in the modulator and a control system periodically vibrates (microwaves) with this current. The high voltage pulses of the modulator are transmitted to the magnetron or klystron tube as well as the electron gun. A magnetron is a device for generating electromagnetic waves, and a klystron is a device that amplifies electromagnetic waves. For electrons above 15 MeV, a klystron is used. The accelerator is about 10 cm in size, consisting of a cylindrical tube. It consists of a series of copper cavities consisting of a metal disk or sample in the 0.25 wavelength range. A high degree of vacuum is applied to this tube. No matter how the linear accelerator works, the electrons from the electron gun are sent to the copper tube of the accelerator with an energy of 50 keV. Electromagnetic waves come from the magnetron or klystron to the accelerator tube. Thus, the generation of vibrations at a frequency of 3000 MHz is achieved in spaces with a diameter of almost 10 cm. Electromagnetic waves with high frequency content formed in the chamber are transmitted to the channel formed in the middle of the chamber. During this time, electrons coming through the electron gun enter the copper tube of the 50 keV accelerator, overlapping the electromagnetic wave, and accelerating linearly from room to room during this channel. A particle entering the electrode is entrained in the field-free zone for half a period of AC voltage. In this way, the voltage bias is reversed as the particle passes through the drive tube and then accelerates as the particle passes through the next gap. The velocity of the electrons as they leave the final cavity is equal to the sum of the velocities they take in each vacancy. This process is called linear acceleration.

Features of Linear Accelerator Device

A vacuum pump is used to ensure that all vibrations sent to the rooms between the linear accelerator parts are at the same frequency setting, and to protect the ions that may be present in the frequency regulator and linear accelerator tube. The magnetic focus is used to collect electrons and in this case to transmit them to the target. Electrons with high energy exit the exit window of the accelerator as a 3 mm diameter pencil beam and capture the highest energy. Their energies are almost 5 MV/meter. In order to obtain a higher energy beam, this beam is deflected by 900 or 2700 by the guiding magnet between the tube and the target. From there it is transported to the target or outside the structure. Braking x-rays are achieved by beaming electrons onto a target made of a metal with a high atomic number, such as tungsten. The propagation directions are related to the energy of the incident electron. If the kinetic energy of the incident electron is less than 100 keV, the x-ray emission is uniform in all directions. Increasing the energy of the electron increases the forward X-ray emission. When electrons reach one side of the permeable type target with a high atomic number used in MV x-ray tubes, x-rays are formed on the other side. The target must be thick enough for the incoming electron to be absorbed. The x-ray beams in the linear accelerator are in a heterogeneous distribution. Electrons are produced in linear accelerators used for the treatment of tumors close to the skin, or high-energy x-rays produced by hitting a target with an electron beam are used for the treatment of deeply located tumors. The x-rays that occur before the rays are transmitted to the patient pass through the straightening filter and the electrons pass through the scattering foil processes. X-rays, which have high-level energy that occur when electrons hit any target, are generally scattered towards the central axis. In electron therapy, since the electrons generated will reach the patient in the form of a thin beam, the electron beam passes through the scattering foil before being transmitted to the patient, obtaining a more dimensional homogeneous electron distribution for the patients. While the linear accelerator features consist of these briefly, linear accelerator mechanical assembly parts can be easily obtained from the HHC Group Company.

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